NEW YORK — Americans’ confidence in the economy improved slightly in August from July, but they’re still roughly as gloomy as a year ago.

The downbeat sentiment underscores the challenges ahead for the increasingly shaky recovery and for retailers, which are grappling with a weak start to back-to-school shopping. Worries are even growing about the critical holiday shopping season.

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A concierge loads a shopper’s purchases into her car at The Americana at Brand Mall in Glendale, Calif. A survey shows U.S. consumer confidence improved slightly in August, but the mood is still glum. The Associated Press

The Conference Board, a private research group, said Tuesday that its Consumer Confidence Index rose to 53.5 from a revised 51.0 in July. Economists surveyed by Thomson Reuters had expected 50.5. The increase comes after two straight months of declines.

“The consumer is still struggling, and the prospects look like more of the same,” said Ken Perkins, president of research firm RetailMetrics.

An index of 90 or more indicates a healthy economy. That level hasn’t been approached since the recession began in December 2007. The index – which measures how Americans feel about business conditions, the job market and the next six months – had been recovering fitfully since hitting an all-time low of 25.3 in February 2009.

In August 2009, the index stood at 54.5, only a point higher than now. Since then, it has mostly hovered in a tight range between the mid-40s and the high 50s. May 2010 proved to be the only exception, at 62.7 – still weak.

Moreover, there doesn’t seem to be any catalyst in sight to get them to feel better any time soon. Home sales are plunging, and consumers are saving more and spending less as the unemployment rate remains stuck at almost 10 percent, all contributing to weak confidence.

Shoppers are increasingly waiting for the best deals and buying only fashions that they can wear right away. Perkins estimates that August retail sales were at best slightly better than last year, which was weak.

Major retailers report August revenue figures Thursday.

Economists watch confidence closely because consumer spending accounts for about 70 percent of U.S. economic activity and is critical to a strong rebound.

But worries are rising the economy is growing too slowly to support sustained job growth. Some are concerned it could fall back into a recession.

“The comfort … is that confidence did not fall further,” Paul Dales, U.S. Economist at Capital Economics, said in a statement. “But there are few signs that households will ramp up their spending. High unemployment, widespread negative housing equity and low share prices are keeping households on the sidelines.”

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