BEIRUT – In a defiant national address, President Bashar Assad on Tuesday blamed a nearly 10-month uprising in Syria on “foreign conspiracies” and vowed to “strike with an iron fist” against opponents he labeled terrorists.

“What has been decided in dark rooms is now revealed before the eyes of the people,” Assad said.

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Syrian President Bashar Assad delivers a speech at Syria’s Damascus University on Tuesday. The Associated Press

It was a familiar refrain from a leader who critics charge has refused to acknowledge the depth of public anger against four decades of Assad family rule.

Since the start of major anti-government protests in March, Syrian authorities have responded with a combination of military force and offers of incremental reform that have failed to win over opposition activists who now say they will be satisfied with nothing short of Assad’s ouster.

Assad’s address, his first since June, drew a scathing response from Burhan Ghalioun, who heads the country’s most prominent opposition bloc, the Syrian National Council.

“The regime has not learned anything from 10 months of crisis or from the blood it has spilled,” Ghalioun told reporters in Istanbul, Turkey. The only response, he said, was to continue protesting and to ask the Arab League to refer Syria to the U.N. Security Council.

Analysts called it Assad’s most confident and defiant speech yet.

“In the West, we all tend to think the Assad regime’s days are numbered,” said Fawaz A. Gerges, director of the Middle East Centre at the London School of Economics. “The Assad regime seems to believe not only ‘we have survived’ but ‘we have gained the upper hand.’“

Despite a growing list of international sanctions, Syria retains key support from countries such as Iran, Iraq and Russia. Defections from the security forces have for the most part been limited to lower-level conscripts. And the country’s two largest cities, Damascus and Aleppo, have not seen the same level of opposition as other major centers.

In a nearly two-hour address, punctuated by applause from the audience at the University of Damascus, Assad insisted there was no revolution in Syria and said he would not step down.

“I am holding this position by the will of the people and when I leave this position it will be by the will of the people,” he said. “I am not someone who can abandon responsibility.”

Assad held out the possibility of a more inclusive government, saying constitutional changes proposed by a hand-picked committee could be put to a national referendum as soon as March and would be followed by a multiparty parliamentary election.

But he said security must be the top priority. “There can be no let-up for terrorism – it must be hit with an iron fist,” he said.

Assad lashed out at what he described as an international media campaign against Syria. And he ridiculed the Arab League, which has suspended Syria, imposed sanctions and sent monitors to verify whether the government is fulfilling a promise to end its crackdown.

The league’s actions were a humiliating blow for Syria, which was a founding member of the 22-member regional bloc and considers itself the “beating heart” of Arab nationalism. Assad questioned the democratic credentials of the 22-member regional body in which Gulf emirates have been among Syria’s toughest critics.

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