WASHINGTON — Supreme Court justices have their first chance this week to decide whether they have the appetite for another fight over President Obama’s health care law.

Some of the same players who mounted the first failed effort to kill the law altogether now want the justices to rule that subsidies that help millions of low- and middle-income people afford their premiums under the law are illegal.

The challengers are appealing a unanimous ruling of a three-judge panel of the federal appeals court in Richmond, Virginia, that upheld Internal Revenue Service regulations that allow health-insurance tax credits under the Affordable Care Act for consumers in all 50 states.

The appeal is on the agenda for the justices’ private conference on Friday, and word of their action could come as early as Monday.

The fight over subsidies is part of a long-running political and legal campaign to overturn Obama’s signature domestic legislation by Republicans.

The partisanship has continued on the federal bench. Every judge who has voted to strike down the subsidies was appointed by a Republican president.

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