HAVANA — Fidel Castro thanked Cubans for their well-wishes on his 90th birthday on Saturday and criticized President Obama in a lengthy letter published in state media.

“I want to express my deepest gratitude for the shows of respect, greetings and praise that I’ve received in recent days, which give me strength to reciprocate with ideas that I will send to party militants and relevant organizations,” he wrote.

A sign that reads in Spanish: "Fidel is and will be conscience and thought line," is fixed on the window of a state housing office in Havana on Saturday. Associated Press

“Modern medical techniques have allowed me to scrutinize the universe,” wrote Castro, who stepped down as Cuba’s president 10 years ago.

Castro accompanied his thanks with reminiscences about his childhood and youth in eastern Cuba, describing the geology and plant life of the region where he grew up. He touched on his father’s death shortly before his own victory in overthrowing U.S-backed strongman Fulgencio Batista in 1959.

Castro returns at the end to criticize Obama, who appeared to anger the revolutionary leader with a March trip to Cuba in which he called for Cubans to look toward the future. A week after the trip, Castro wrote a sternly worded letter admonishing Obama to read up on Cuban history, and declaring that “we don’t need the empire to give us anything.”

Saturday, he criticized Obama for not apologizing to Japan during a May trip to Hiroshima, describing Obama’s speech there as “lacking stature.”

The Cuban government has taken a relatively low-key approach to Castro’s birthday, in comparison with the large-scale gatherings that had been planned for his 80th. Government ministries have held small musical performances and photo exhibitions that pay tribute to the former head of state. Saturday state media showed images of Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro arriving in Havana and a tribute was planned at a Havana theater Sunday evening.

Castro last appeared in public in April, closing the twice-a-decade congress of the Cuban Communist Party with a call for Cuba to stick to its socialist ideals amid ongoing normalization with the U.S.

The need for closer economic ties with the U.S. has grown more urgent as Venezuela, Castro’s greatest ally, tumbles into economic free-fall, cutting the flow of subsidized oil that Cuba has long depended on. Meanwhile, tens of thousands of Cubans are emigrating to the United States, hollowing out the ranks of educated professionals.

The brightest spot in Cuba’s flagging economy has been a surge in tourism that is expected to boom with flights to and from the United States.

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