BOSTON — Teachers at public and private schools, workers at child care centers and school bus drivers are among those who will soon be required to submit fingerprints for criminal background checks under a new Massachusetts law.

Gov. Deval Patrick signed the wide-reaching measure, saying it closes a loophole in existing state law and will help protect children.

Under the new law, fingerprints will be submitted to the state police for a state criminal history check and also forwarded to the FBI for a national background check. Under the previous law, fingerprints were not required and only a state check was conducted.

All newly hired teachers, bus drivers and others working at schools will have to undergo the background checks before the start of the next school year. Current employees must undergo the checks before the 2016-2017 school year.

Licensed family child care providers, their household members age 15 or older, and individuals regularly on the premises of a family child care home will also be subject to the checks, as will subcontractors commissioned to perform work on school grounds.

Previously, schools were only allowed to conduct background checks for crimes committed inside Massachusetts using the state’s name-based Criminal Offender Record Information system. Those system checks did not include criminal history record information for crimes committed outside the state.

The governor’s office said the law will not cost the state or school districts, that the fees associated with the fingerprint checks will be the responsibility of the person being fingerprinted, and that the national criminal checks are done on a one-time basis.

Information gleaned from the background checks can be used by investigators from the Department of Early Education and Care and the Department of Elementary and Secondary Education looking into allegations of misconduct by teachers.