NEW YORK — The number of overdose deaths from powerful painkillers more than tripled over a decade, the government reported Tuesday – a trend that a U.S. health official called an epidemic, but one that can be stopped.

Prescription painkillers such as OxyContin, Vicodin and methadone led to the deaths of almost 15,000 people in 2008, including actor Heath Ledger. That’s more than three times the 4,000 deaths from narcotics in 1999.

Such painkillers “are meant to help people who have severe pain,” said Dr. Thomas Frieden, director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, which issued the report. “They are, however, highly addictive.”

The report shows nearly 5 percent of Americans ages 12 and older said they’ve abused painkillers in the past year – using them without a prescription or just for the high. In 2008-09 surveys, Oklahomans reported the highest rate of abuse; the lowest was in Nebraska and Iowa.

The overdose deaths reflect the spike in the number of narcotic painkillers prescribed every year – enough to give every American a one-month supply, Frieden said.

Prescriptions rose as doctors aimed to better treat pain and as new painkillers hit the market.

Frieden and White House drug czar Gil Kerlikowske said states need to take action to reverse the long-running trend.

States oversee prescription practices and can closely monitor prescriptions and crack down on “pill mills” and patients’ “doctor shopping,” Frieden said.

Doctors should limit prescriptions – giving only a three-day supply for acute pain, for example – and look for alternative treatments, he said.

“For chronic pain, narcotics should be the last resort,” he added.

A federal drug plan announced this year calls for state programs to track prescriptions. All but two states – Missouri and New Hampshire – have approved them, said Kerlikowske. But a number of states don’t have them in place yet, or doctors aren’t using them enough to check on their patients’ past prescriptions, he said.

Some states are taking action. Earlier this month, a doctor in Southern California was sentenced to prison for illegally selling tens of thousands of prescriptions for painkillers and sedatives. Ohio now requires pain clinics to be licensed by the state, and limits the number of pills that can be dispensed at clinics. Florida also has cracked down on so-called “pill mills.”

Overall, there were 36,450 fatal overdoses in 2008, including accidents and suicides involving illegal drugs such as heroin and cocaine along with prescription medicines. About three-quarters of the deaths from prescriptions involved narcotic painkillers.

 

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