NASHVILLE, Tenn. — John Seigenthaler, the journalist who edited The Tennessean newspaper, helped shape USA Today and worked for civil rights during the Kennedy administration, died Friday at his Nashville home at age 86, his son said.

In his wide-ranging career, Seigenthaler also served on Robert Kennedy’s presidential campaign and founded the First Amendment Center at Vanderbilt University in Nashville.

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John Seigenthaler, the Kennedy administration’s negotiator with the governor of Alabama during the 1961 Freedom Rides, walks through the Montgomery, Ala., airport in 1961. The Associated Press

His son, broadcast journalist John Seigenthaler Jr., said his father died “peacefully at home,” where he was recovering after a recent medical treatment.

“We celebrate his life – his devotion to social justice, his advocacy of human rights, and his enduring loyalty to friends and family,” his son said.

Seigenthaler began his journalism career in 1949 as a reporter for The Nashville Tennessean. He worked as a reporter and assistant city editor until 1960, when he took a job as administrative assistant to Robert Kennedy, who became attorney general in 1961 during the presidency of his brother.

ATTACKED BY KLANSMEN

While working for Kennedy, Seigenthaler served as chief negotiator with the governor of Alabama during the 1961 Freedom Rides organized by civil rights activists seeking to integrate interstate buses. During that crisis, he was attacked and knocked unconscious by a mob of Klansmen in Montgomery, Alabama, as he tried to aid a young protester who was being pursued by the rioters.

“I never saw anything in my life. Never will ever again to compare with the violence on that parking lot at that Greyhound station,” Seigenthaler said in an interview in January.

“You don’t see human beings acting like that,” he said. “There were times when I’d go to a football game or a basketball game and the cheering got to me. It’s not something you can live through and just put behind you, as if it didn’t happen. It’s tough. How can you take your children out to a race riot, and expect them to grow up as decent human beings?”

At a 2007 gathering, he joined others in taking a bus to retrace a Freedom Ride from Montgomery to Birmingham, Alabama.

“I’m going on this trip largely because I’m one of history’s accidents. It was their vision and their courage that made the difference,” Seigenthaler said. He called himself only “a footnote to the history of the Freedom Riders.”

In 1962, Seigenthaler returned to The Tennessean as editor, but took a leave of absence in 1968 to help Robert Kennedy’s presidential campaign. After Kennedy was assassinated that June, Seigenthaler was a pallbearer at his funeral.

Back at The Tennessean, he added the title of publisher to his resume in 1972. And in 1989, he became chairman, publisher and chief executive officer.

Also in the 1980s, he became the first editorial director as the Gannett Co. launched USA Today. He held the post for almost a decade. Gannett also owns The Tennessean.

FIRST AMENDMENT CENTER

After he retired from The Tennessean in 1991, Seigenthaler founded the First Amendment Center at Vanderbilt. The mission of the center – an independent affiliate of the Arlington, Virginia-based Freedom Forum – is to create national discussion, dialogue and debate about First Amendment issues.

In July 2002, Vanderbilt named the First Amendment Center’s building The John Seigenthaler Center. And in August 2001, the university created a scholarship for minority students in Seigenthaler’s name after he gave Vanderbilt $2 million.

Seigenthaler said then that the scholarship would stand as a testimony that the cost of education is a worthy endeavor. “It is expensive, education,” he said. “But we’ve tried ignorance so many ways, and it doesn’t work.”

A Chair of Excellence in First Amendment Studies at Middle Tennessee State University was endowed for $3 million in Seigenthaler’s name in 1986. MTSU is located in Murfreesboro, about 30 miles southeast of Nashville.

‘A SEARCH FOR JUSTICE’

Among his books was “A Search for Justice,” a 1971 volume he co-wrote about the trials of people charged in the assassinations of John and Robert Kennedy and Martin Luther King Jr.

Seigenthaler served on the advisory boards of schools of journalism and communications at American University, the University of Tennessee and the University of Maryland.

He was among the first to raise questions about the accuracy of Wikipedia, writing an opinion piece about how he was defamed by a hoax biography posted on the site. The controversy led Wikipedia to change its procedures for posting content.

Seigenthaler was a member of the National Commission on Federal Election Reform organized in 2001. He also was a member of the Constitution Project Initiative on Liberty and Security, created after the Sept. 11 attacks.

He is survived by his wife, the former Dolores Watson, a professional singer, and their son, John Jr. The younger Seigenthaler is a former weekend anchor for NBC News in New York and joined Al Jazeera America in 2013.

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