T-Mobile and Sprint, the nation’s third and fourth largest wireless carriers, announced a roughly $26.8 billion merger on Sunday that could dramatically reshape the U.S. telecom industry while testing the appetites of consumers and regulators alike for further corporate consolidation.

The deal marks the latest attempt by T-Mobile, operated by Germany’s Deutsche Telekom, and Sprint, run by the Japanese conglomerate SoftBank, to combine forces as they seek to amass subscribers and challenge the national footprints of AT&T and Verizon, particularly at a time when the industry is racing to deploy the next generation of ultra-fast wireless technology, called 5G.

A woman using a cell phone walks past T-Mobile and Sprint stores in New York. The two companies announced a roughly $26.8 billion merger on Sunday. Associated Press/Mark Lennihan

T-Mobile and Sprint have sought such a tie-up in the past, and much as before, they could face tough regulatory scrutiny in Washington. Federal officials have repeatedly signaled that they believe that consumers are best served when there are at least four national wireless providers competing against one another, not three.

This time, though, executives for Sprint and T-Mobile aim to convince regulators in the Trump administration that offering 5G wireless service around the country – a network for everything from smartphones to internet-enabled cars and other technologies – will require more resources than either of them could sustain individually.

“This combination will create a fierce competitor with the network scale to deliver more for consumers and businesses in the form of lower prices, more innovation, and a second-to-none network experience – and do it all so much faster than either company could on its own,” John Legere, the chief executive of T-Mobile, said in a statement. Under the newly announced merger, Legere would serve as leader of the combined company.

“As industry lines blur and we enter the 5G era, consumers and businesses need a company with the disruptive culture and capabilities to force positive change on their behalf,” he said.

If they complete their deal as proposed, a combination of T-Mobile and Sprint could unseat AT&T as the country’s second-biggest wireless provider. The new firm would have roughly 100 million customers, more prepaid and postpaid subscribers in the United States than AT&T’s 93 million. And it would put the newly formed wireless giant within striking distance of Verizon’s customer base of 116 million.

“Telecom is a scale business,” said Blair Levin, a policy adviser for the analysis firm New Street Research. “There are huge advantages of scale, and T-Mobile and Sprint have been carrying the cost of a network over a much smaller number of customers.”

Yet the companies must overcome myriad political hurdles – including consumers’ heightened skepticism about the rapid pace of consolidation in the media and telecom industries. From President Trump to Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass., policymakers recently have sounded out against these deals and may train their fire soon on T-Mobile and Sprint’s latest gambit.

For years, T-Mobile and Sprint had flirted with such a combination, only to abandon their plans because of political troubles or boardroom squabbles. Notably, in 2014, Sprint dropped an attempt to acquire T-Mobile after the Obama administration hinted it would be likely to block the merger because eliminating a rival would be bad for competition. Those same concerns thwarted AT&T’s own plan to acquire T-Mobile in 2011.

The Federal Communications Commission and the Justice Department – which will review the merger to ensure it protects consumers and competition – declined to comment.

T-Mobile and Sprint said they expect the deal to close by the first half of 2019. But some analysts say the government’s argument for opposing such a merger in 2014 since has proven correct.

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