There are concerns that the grid, which is central to the European network, could be heavily strained if consumers switch to electric heaters this winter.

The penalty is the second-biggest issued under the EU’s stringent privacy rules.

He says rationing plans are being prepared in case’ they’re needed, and that ‘cuts will happen as a last resort.’

The ruling comes amid the Kremlin’s effort to silence critics of what it calls a ‘special military operation’ in Ukraine.