WASHINGTON — Rising gas prices helped drive a surge in inflation last month, according to government data released Tuesday, with the cost of goods rising at the fastest pace in three years.

The Labor Department reported that the consumer price index, a closely watched gauge of inflation, rose 0.4 percent in April compared with the previous month, beating analysts’ expectations. The increase was largely because of a jump in energy costs that included an 8.1 percent spike in gasoline prices.

Prices rose across a broad array of other sectors as well, although not as dramatically. Food prices were up 0.2 percent, while housing and medical services rose 0.3 percent. However, the cost of cars and clothing dipped slightly after seeing big gains earlier in the year.

Excluding the volatile food and energy sectors, prices rose a more modest 0.2 percent in April, a measurement that economists often refer to as core inflation. Compared with a year ago, that figure has risen 2.1 percentage points.

“That confirms the trends we have seen since the start of the year: Inflation has firmed but is not flaring,” said Diane Swonk, head of DS Economics.

The solid data helps bolster the case for the Federal Reserve to raise interest rates at its next meeting in June. The nation’s central bank increased its benchmark rate in December for the first time since the Great Recession amid signs that the long-simmering recovery was gaining steam.

But the Fed has been on hold since then. Financial markets swung wildly at the start of the year, sparking fears of recession as the outlook for the global economy grew gloomier. Oil prices fell to 12-year lows, and the dollar continued to climb.

Yet the U.S. recovery has so far proven resilient. Hiring has been robust, and the unemployment rate is down to 5 percent, half of its peak of 10 percent following the recession. Meanwhile, oil prices have stabilized, and the rise in the dollar has abated.

The Fed is responsible for keeping prices stable and fostering maximum employment. While it has made clear progress on jobs, the economy has been running below its target of 2 percent inflation for years. Fed officials have long said that they expect inflation to pick up once the impacts of the stronger dollar and low oil prices dissipate. Tuesday’s report on consumer costs appears to support the central bank’s claim.

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